Balearic Islands Migration Pressure Puts Formentera and Child Protection System Under Strain, Govern Official Says

October 08, 2026

The Balearic Islands are facing sustained pressure from irregular maritime migration, with the Govern calling for greater involvement from the Spanish Government and the European Union and warning that the islands' system for protecting unaccompanied foreign minors is under severe strain.

Manuel Pavón, director general of Immigration and Development Cooperation for the Balearic Government, made the comments after appearing before the Spanish Senate's Joint Committee on Insularity.

In an interview published on October 4, Pavón criticised what he described as insufficient resources, coordination and information from the central government and called for a specific strategy for the migration route between Algeria and the Balearic Islands.

His comments come as official Ministry of Interior figures show that 6,408 people had reached the Balearic Islands irregularly by sea between January 1 and September 30, 2026, an increase of 9.7% compared with the same period of 2025. The arrivals were recorded in 350 boats, compared with 316 during the same period last year.

More than 6,400 arrivals recorded in 2026

The latest official figures provide a clearer picture of the scale of arrivals than the figures available when Pavón gave his Senate testimony.

Between January and September 2026, 6,408 people arrived irregularly by sea in the Balearic Islands.

The Ministry of Interior recorded 350 boats during the period, 34 more than during the same months of 2025.

The increase in people arriving was 9.7%, while the number of boats increased by 10.8%.

The figures also show that the Balearics have become one of the most significant maritime arrival routes into Spain.

Baleares did not surpass the Canaries for the whole year

One of Pavón's claims requires an important clarification.

The director general referred to Baleares having surpassed the Canary Islands in irregular migration arrivals for the first time.

The Govern had reported that, at one point in September, cumulative arrivals in the Balearics had overtaken those recorded in the Canary Islands for the corresponding period.

However, the latest Ministry of Interior figures covering the full period from January 1 to September 30 show 7,133 maritime arrivals in the Canary Islands compared with 6,408 in the Balearics.

The more accurate description is therefore that the Balearics temporarily overtook the Canaries in the September comparison cited by the Govern, rather than that they had surpassed the Canaries for the entire January-to-September period.

2025 was a record year for arrivals

Pavón also referred to 7,321 people arriving in the Balearics during 2025.

That figure is confirmed by the Ministry of Interior.

However, the number of boats needs correcting. Pavón referred in the interview to more than 303 boats, while the Ministry's final 2025 annual balance records 7,321 people arriving in 401 boats. In 2024, the ministry recorded 5,882 people in 349 boats.

The 2025 figure therefore represented a substantial increase in people arriving by sea compared with the previous year.

Formentera under particular pressure

Formentera has been one of the islands most affected by the increase.

The Govern reported in September that more than 3,000 people had arrived by boat on Formentera during 2026, while the island, with a population of around 12,000, was caring for almost 250 unaccompanied foreign minors.

The pressure on the island's services has also been reflected in its spending.

The Govern said the State had allocated €8 million towards the care of unaccompanied foreign minors, while the island councils estimated that their combined expenditure would reach between €36 million and €38 million.

Those figures are institutional estimates and should be understood in that context rather than as an independently audited calculation.

Formentera's own figures also demonstrate how quickly the situation has changed. Between January and August 2026, 253 people initially considered possible minors arrived on the island, of whom 198 were subsequently determined to be minors. During the whole of 2025, 165 people initially considered possible minors arrived, of whom 113 were determined to be minors.

Disagreement over age assessments

Pavón also raised concerns about the identification of people arriving as minors.

In the interview, he said that 165 people who had arrived in Formentera the previous year claiming to be minors were subjected to age assessments and that 52 were subsequently determined to be adults.

The underlying figures are consistent with figures previously reported by Formentera, which recorded 165 people initially considered possible minors in 2025 and 113 ultimately determined to be minors.

The issue is significant because people assessed as minors enter the child-protection system and require accommodation, education, healthcare and other support.

Frontex becomes a point of disagreement

Another major point of disagreement concerns the role of Frontex.

Pavón called for a stronger European response and argued that the Balearic Islands need a more specific strategy for the route from Algeria.

The Govern has repeatedly asked for greater Frontex involvement.

The Spanish Government, however, says Frontex is already operating in the Balearic Sea, particularly through aerial surveillance and support in locating vessels and assisting with rescues.

The difference is therefore partly about the scale and purpose of the deployment.

The Government's position is that Frontex is already providing surveillance and assistance, while the Balearic Government is calling for a more substantial and permanent European presence.

New surveillance system planned for Formentera

The central government has also taken steps to strengthen surveillance around Formentera.

A new SIVE, the Guardia Civil's Integrated External Surveillance System, has been contracted for installation at the Faro de la Mola.

The BOE described the project as an urgent measure linked to the increase in migration pressure in the Balearic Islands. The contract was valued at approximately €1.83 million.

Pavón nevertheless argues that the existing surveillance system is not functioning adequately and that additional resources are required.

Those criticisms should be treated as the position of the Balearic Government rather than as an independently established finding about the performance of every SIVE installation in the islands.

The cost of caring for unaccompanied minors

The financial burden is another central part of the dispute.

Pavón said the State is currently contributing around €6 million, while the island councils are contributing between €36 million and €38 million.

More recent Govern information presented to the Senate put the State contribution at approximately €8 million, with the councils estimating their costs at €36 million to €38 million.

The difference in figures reflects the timing of the statements, so the more recent €8 million figure is preferable when reporting the current situation.

Pavón also said that the cost associated with caring for an individual minor can reach around €9,000 per month. That figure has previously been cited by Ibiza's Consell president, Vicent Marí, but it should be understood as an estimated cost of the care system rather than a universal fixed cost for every minor.

Calls for a specific Balearic strategy

Pavón argued that the Balearic Islands require a strategy specifically designed around the maritime route from Algeria.

Among the measures he called for were stronger cooperation with countries of origin, transit and departure, greater resources for Spanish security forces, changes to immigration legislation and closer European involvement.

He also argued that the route has increasingly shifted towards the Balearics as other Mediterranean and Atlantic routes experience different levels of pressure.

The latest official data confirm that arrivals in the Balearics have increased in 2026, although the overall national migration picture is more complex. Through September, maritime arrivals to Spain's mainland, Balearic Islands and Canary Islands were actually lower than during the same period of 2025, while arrivals to the mainland and Balearics combined increased.

A debate over responsibility

The interview highlights a growing political dispute over who should bear responsibility for the consequences of irregular migration in the Balearic Islands.

The Govern argues that the islands, because of their geography and limited capacity, need greater support from Madrid and Brussels.

The Spanish Government maintains that national authorities and European agencies are already providing resources, including maritime surveillance and rescue operations.

What is not in dispute is that the number of people arriving by sea in the Balearic Islands has risen in 2026 and that Formentera's protection system is under significant pressure.

The latest official figures show 6,408 irregular maritime arrivals in the Balearics through September, while the island councils are caring for hundreds of unaccompanied foreign minors.

The political debate over funding, responsibility, border surveillance and the role of Frontex is likely to remain a major issue for the Balearic Islands as the year continues.

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